The new pneumococcal vaccine

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There is a lack of awareness in the community about how serious infection with the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) can be as you get older. The evidence for that is lower than ideal immunisation rates. As people age, immune systems become less effective, which means increased vulnerability to infections. Worldwide, pneumococcal infections are a common cause of illness, increased frailty, dependence and death. Pneumococcal disease can go unrecognised until too late because it can present with vague symptoms such as fever and general unwellness before a rapid decline.

Why would you take this risk if it's preventable with vaccination?

Pneumococcal disease can go unrecognised until too late because it can present with vague symptoms such as fever and general unwellness before a rapid decline

From 1 July 2026, the government has changed the adult pneumococcal vaccination program. The new preferred vaccine, Capvaxive, is a 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine — meaning it covers 21 strains of the pneumococcus, replacing the previous combination of Prevenar 13 and Pneumovax 23 on the NIP. The design of the conjugate vaccine is also thought to deliver a stronger immune response, and it is needed as a single shot. It is not known at this stage whether or when a booster might be needed.

The eligibility changes are significant. Adults aged 65 and over are now eligible for a free shot — the eligible age has dropped from 70 — as are First Nations people from the age of 25, down from 50. Adults aged 18 and over who are at particular risk of serious consequences from pneumococcal infection are also eligible. This includes people with poorly functioning immune systems, previous serious pneumococcal infections, some chronic lung diseases including COPD, heart disease, and chronic liver or kidney disease. In total, around five million Australians are now eligible for NIP-funded vaccination, up from 3.2 million under the old schedule. You can find the full list of eligible risk conditions here.